![]() When quantum mechanics, the branch of theory concerned with the movement of atoms and photons, was first published in 1925, it was based on the idea that space and time were separate and independent. "All of these phenomena rely on the unified space-time model," he said, "and most of them have been observed."Īn improved understanding of space-time also led to quantum field theory. It also predicts things such as warp-drive propulsions and traversable wormholes and time machines. General relativity could also explain rotating astronomical bodies that drag space-time with them, the Big Bang and the inflationary expansion of the universe, gravity waves, time and space dilation associated with curved space-time, gravitational lensing caused by massive galaxies, and the shifting orbit of Mercury and other planetary bodies, all of which science has shown true. It also predicts that they have an event horizon, the boundary that marks where nothing can escape, and the point of singularities at their center, a one dimensional point where gravity becomes infinite. He explained that general relativity predicted phenomena such as black holes and white holes. "It is because of the unified space-time model that we can have a theory for the creation and existence of our universe, and be able to study all the consequences that result thereof," Davis said. General relativity led to the science of cosmology, the next major breakthrough that came thanks to the concept of unified space-time. "Einstein's general theory of relativity is the first major theoretical breakthrough that resulted from the unified space-time model," Davis said. In general relativity, the geometry of space-time itself changes depending on how matter moves and is distributed. In special relativity, the geometry of space-time is fixed, but observers measure different distances or time intervals according to their own relative velocity. "Einstein had brought together Poincare's, Lorentz's and Minkowski's separate theoretical works into his overarching special relativity theory, which was much more comprehensive and thorough in its treatment of electromagnetic forces and motion, except that it left out the force of gravity, which Einstein later tackled in his magnum opus general theory of relativity," Davis said. Einstein, a student of Minkowski, adapted Minkowski's model when he published his special theory of relativity in 1905. In the early 1900s, Minkowski built upon the earlier works of Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz and French mathematician and theoretical physicist Henri Poincare to create a unified model of space-time. "Time was supposed to be even more immutable because, while you can move in space the way you like, you cannot travel in time freely, since it runs the same for everybody." "The concepts of space remained practically the same from the early Greek philosophers until the beginning of the 20th century - an immutable stage over which matter moves," Amendola said.
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